When starting an electronics project, one of the first decisions is whether to use a ready-made platform or design a custom PCB from scratch. Both approaches have their own advantages and limitations, depending on the project’s goals, scale, and the designer’s experience. Below is a comparison of the key features of two popular solutions: Arduino and a custom-designed PCB.
What is Arduino?
Arduino is a popular microcontroller platform that makes it easy to quickly create electronic devices. It consists of user-friendly tools – both hardware (pre-assembled microcontroller boards) and software – designed so that even people with basic knowledge can independently build prototypes. A typical board includes all the essential components: a microcontroller, oscillator, power supply, and USB interface. This means it only needs to be connected to a computer to begin programming.
The platform is based on open-source principles, meaning that complete documentation (schematics, source code) is publicly available. This allows users to examine existing projects, and many Arduino clones and variants are available on the market for different applications. Standard pin layouts enable fast connections to sensors, modules, and so-called shields without the need to design complex circuits.
Software is also an important part of the platform. The Arduino IDE allows users to write code in simplified C/C++, using ready-made libraries. The microcontrollers come with a preloaded bootloader, which enables programming via USB without any additional hardware. In later project stages, it also allows users to transition to advanced electronic circuit programming. A low entry threshold, a wide base of examples, and an active community have contributed to Arduino’s popularity among hobbyists. Beginners benefit from numerous resources, while more advanced users appreciate the ability to rapidly build even complex prototypes.
Advantages of Arduino
- Ease of use. Arduino lowers the entry barrier – the boards are ready to work right after being plugged in. Programming takes place in a beginner-friendly environment, making it easy to grasp the basics.
- Rapid prototyping. Users can bring their ideas to life without designing custom circuits. Modules can be easily connected using wires or a breadboard, and ready-made code can be applied.
- Community and support. Numerous forums, tutorials, and hardware libraries are available, making it easy to find assistance or existing solutions.
- Versatility and modularity. Arduino provides a wide range of models – from Nano and Uno to Mega and Due – as well as various expansion modules that enhance system capabilities without the need to design new circuits.
- Low startup cost. Basic boards are affordable, and many projects can be implemented repeatedly using the same module. This makes Arduino a budget-friendly option for the prototyping and educational phases.
Advantages of a self-designed PCB
- Flexibility and customization. A self-designed PCB gives you full control over the system. You can select appropriate components, determine the layout, power supply type and communication interfaces according to your needs, which is especially important in the electronic device production process.
- Compactness. A custom PCB can be significantly smaller than Arduino-based solutions. By using SMD components and appropriate assembly of SMD and THT elements, it’s possible to reduce dimensions and adapt the layout to the requirements of mobile or wearable devices.
- Lower cost in serial production. When producing in larger quantities, your own PCB may be cheaper than purchasing ready-made modules. Only essential components are included, reducing unit costs.
- Professional final result. A well-designed board ensures greater reliability due to soldered connections. It is easier to enclose such a board and use it in industrial environments where Arduino might not meet the requirements. Additionally, before deployment, it’s worth including a phase of testing electronic devices, which helps eliminate potential errors.
- Possibility of implementing protection features. A custom PCB allows you to integrate circuits protecting against overvoltage, ESD, or reverse polarity, increasing reliability in industrial settings. Proper assembly of SMD and THT elements is essential to ensure durability and precision.
Arduino vs. custom PCB – a comparison
The choice between Arduino and a self-designed PCB depends on the goal of the project. Arduino is ideal for fast prototyping and learning, offering ease of use and quick results. A custom PCB requires more work and knowledge, but it enables you to create a layout tailored to specific requirements and more closely resembling the final product.
In practice, both approaches are often combined. A common method is to start with Arduino, then transfer the design to a target PCB with a properly selected microcontroller and required peripherals. It’s also possible to use miniature versions of Arduino (e.g., Pro Mini) as part of a larger project, soldered onto the designed board.
Arduino is most suitable for learning, testing, and small-scale projects. A custom PCB is the right choice when you need to optimize size, cost, or reliability. The decision depends on your experience, budget, and the intended purpose of the device.
From prototype to product
Both Arduino and custom PCBs have their justified role in the electronics design process. Development platforms are effective in the conceptual and testing phases, while final devices require a custom-designed board tailored to the project’s functional and production requirements.If you need assistance in transitioning from prototype to a finished solution – from selecting components to production testing – the Device Prototype team can support you at every stage of the process. Contact us to learn more.
